- Accueil
- Livres Et Revues
- La Brevetabilité Des Innovations Biotechnologiques Apppliquées À L'homme
- L'application Du Droit de la Propriété Industrielle Aux Innovations Biotechnologiques
Conclusion
Auteur | Marie-Catherine Chemtob-Concé |
Occupation de l'auteur | Docteur en droit de l’université Paris II (Panthéon-Assas), maître de conférences des universités UFR de médecine et pharmacie de Rouen université de Rouen |
Pages | 199-200 |
Page 199
La problÈmatique en matiËre de manipulations gÈnÈtiques consiste ‡ trouver un compromis entre les impÈratifs Èthiques et les impÈratifs Èconomiques; c'est-‡-dire entre : l'obligation Èthique de protÈger l'homme face aux avancÈes scientifiques et de garantir le libre accËs ‡ la connaissance gÈnÈtique, et la nÈcessitÈ financiËre d'assurer un retour sur investissement par un droit de propriÈtÈ industrielle.
Ainsi, si la brevetabilitÈ de la matiËre biologique d'origine humaine a ÈtÈ admise, l'Ítre humain en tant que tel reste exclu de la brevetabilitÈ. En effet, le corps humain, aux diffÈrents stades de sa constitution, n'est pas brevetable car il s'agit d'une simple dÈcouverte. En revanche, un ÈlÈment qui a ÈtÈ isolÈ du corps humain par des techniques d'identification, de purification, de caractÈrisation et de multiplication, peut constituer une invention brevetable mÍme si la structure de cet ÈlÈment est identique ‡ celle d'un ÈlÈment naturel.
Avec le dÈveloppement des biotechnologies, c'est plus fondamentalement le statut des ÈlÈments isolÈs du corps humain (les cellules souches, les gËnes...) qui a ÈtÈ mis en question.
En Europe, la directive 98/44/CE a souhaitÈ prÈserver les principes Èthiques relatifs ‡ la protection de la personne. La brevetabilitÈ des cellules souches embryonnaires n'est ainsi possible que si l'invention considËre l'embryon comme un objectif qu'il convient de protÈger et non une simple source ‡ partir de laquelle l'invention devrait Ítre dÈveloppÈe.
En revanche, concernant la brevetabilitÈ du matÈriel gÈnÈtique humain, la position internationale actuelle qui prend en compte la notion d'isolement au titre de l'activitÈ inventive apparaÓt critiquable. Elle encourage le dÈpÙt de brevets portant non seulement sur les procÈdÈs techniques permettant d'isoler le gËne...
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