Différences entre PPRN et PPRT
Auteur | Gabrièle Rasse |
Occupation de l'auteur | Doctorante, pôle Cindyniques , École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris |
Pages | 43-47 |
Page 43
Nous avons vu précédemment que PPRN et PPRT sont des « plans de prévention des risques », ayant tous deux pour objectif de prévenir le risque par la maîtrise de l'usage des sols. Si d'un point de vue procédural, ces documents sont quasi identiques, un certain nombre de différences entre PPRN et PPRT doivent être soulignées.
Nous avons vu que c'est en fait l'origine du risque qui est différente : elle est naturelle (phénomène climatique, météorologique ou géologique) pour les uns et anthropique (accident causé par l'activité humaine) pour les autres. Cela explique le fait qu'en matière de risque industriel, on puisse agir sur l'aléa par des mesures de réduction du risque à la source, alors que cela est très difficile et parfois impossible concernant les risques naturels.
Le PPRN a pour objectif la protection des personnes et des biens (limitation des dommages susceptibles d'être occasionnés) alors que le PPRT ne s'intéresse qu'à la protection des personnes. Les mesures du PPRT concernant l'adaptation du bâti existant sont principalement destinées à protéger les personnes susceptibles de se trouver à l'intérieur du bâtiment et non à en limiter les éventuels dommages matériels.
L'une des différences fondamentales entre PPRN et PPRT tient au fait que, dans le cadre du PPRT, l'industriel, personne privée, participe à l'élaboration (réalisation des études de dangers fondant le zonage réglementaire, association Page 44 à la procédure d'élaboration et représentation au sein du CLIC) et à la mise en oeuvre (financement des mesures foncières) d'un document mettant en oeuvre des prérogatives de puissance publique.
Les PPRN sont fondés sur la connaissance de l'aléa naturel (événements historiques connus, archives, photographies aériennes, études de terrain, enquêtes auprès de la population et des élus, études complémentaires...), les PPRT sont basés sur les études de dangers (analyses de risques prenant en compte la probabilité d'occurrence, la cinétique et la gravité des accidents potentiels) fournies par et sous la responsabilité des...
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