pregnant

• Birth Prevention Before the Era of Modern Contraception

Only in the last two centuries have human beings started to practice effective family limitation. Methods of contraception and abortion have existed for much longer, but were not a part of everyday life. Etienne van de Walle examines those mentioned in three texts dating from different periods - a classical medical treatise, a libertine French document of the eighteenth century and a nineteenth century American marriage guide - to shed light on past methods and practices.

...She explains how to avoid becoming pregnant or, in the event of such a mishap (judged unlikely...

• Population & Societies
• Num. 418, Décembre 2005

• African Women Faced with the Aids Epidemic

Africa is the continent most severely affected by the AIDS epidemic, and it is African women who are paying the heaviest tribute. Why are they more vulnerable, despite the fact that more women than men are tested and treated for the disease? Alice Desclaux and Annabel Desgrées du Loû explain why men and women in Africa are unequal in the face of AIDS.

... when necessary, to larger numbers of pregnant women. Women generally agree to be tested, even if...

• Population & Societies
• Num. 428, Novembre 2006

• After Forty Years of Contraceptive Freedom, Why so Many Unplanned Pregnancies in France?

Forty years ago, the French parliament passed the Neuwirth Act liberalizing contraception in France. Why did the government hold back for so long? Why the change of attitude? Looking at the means traditionally used by couples to control their fertility, Fabrice Cahen analyses the reasons for this French legislative inertia compared with the United Kingdom and the United States. Many thought that the new law would bring an end to unplanned pregnancies. But as Arnaud Régnier-Loilier and Henri Leridon explain in their overview of forty years of birth control, one pregnancy in three is still unintended. Why is this the case? How do the couples of today imagine their future family? And how do they seek to achieve their aspirations?

... stopping contraception and becoming pregnant may range between 1 and 12 months, or even longer ...

• Population & Societies
• Num. 439, Novembre 2007

• Notre Qualité Scientifique : Un Construit À Consolider

... domaine, réputé comme on sait très « pregnant » en matière comptable, reste en effet paradoxal...

• Comptabilité contré le audit
• Vol. 10 Num. 1, Juin 2004

• In-Vitro Fertilization in France: 200,000 'Test-Tube' Babies in the Last 30 Years

In 2003, one French birth in twenty (5%) was achieved after a medical treatment or procedure. In half of these cases (2.4%) conception was obtained through ovarian stimulation, and the other half by either artificial insemination (0.8%) or in-vitro fertilization (IVF) (1.7%). The proportion of births obtained after IVF alone has increased steadily over the last twenty years, rising from 0.52% of births in 1988 to 1.74% in 2006. This steady rise reflects both more frequent recourse to IVF and a better success rate (currently, 20-25% of attempts lead to the birth of at least one live child). In France, for 97% of children conceived by IVF, the social parents are also the genetic parents, i.e. no sperm or egg donations are involved. In 2006, only 304 children were born as a result of IVF w...

... in metropolitan France in 2003 became pregnant after ovarian stimulation [I]. This represents hal...

• Population & Societies
• Num. 451, Décembre 2008